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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 1, 191-202 (1988)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167288141019

The Roles of Self-Esteem and Social Interaction in Embarrassment

W. Gerrod Parrott

Georgetown University

John Sabini

University of Pennsylvania

Maury Silver

Baltimore, Maryland

This experiment investigated the circumstances that lead to embarrassment. Two theories of embarrassment were tested, one based on social interaction, the other based on self-esteem. The predictions of these two theories were compared in a situation in which the theories make contrasting predictions, namely, one in which esteem-threatening feedback is delivered to a person under the guise of a pleasant but transparent pretext. Subjects (N= 90) reported feelings of embarrassment and of self-esteem that were most consistent with the interaction theory. The implications of these findings for other theories of social anxiety are discussed.


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