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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Self-Handicapping

The Moderating Roles of Public Self-Consciousness and Task Importance

James A. Shepperd

Holy Cross College

Robert M. Arkin

Ohio State University

A study was conducted to explore the role of individual differences in self-presentational concerns on a public form of self-handicapping. Male and female introductory psychology students, high and low in public self-consciousness, chose either facilitating or interfering music prior to taking a test described either as a valid predictor of academic success or as having unknown predictive ability. In addition, in an attempt to induce protective and acquisitive self-presentational styles, hay the subjects were given instructions that emphasized the likelihood of failure, while the remainder were given instructions that underscored the likelihood of success. Males handicapped more than females. High public self-conscious individuals handicapped more than their low public self-conscious counterparts, but only when they confronted a test characterized as valid. The success-versus failure-oriented instructions had no effect in the present study.

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 15, No. 2, 252-265 (1989)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167289152012
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