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Continuity and Diversity in the Stream of Selves

Metaphorical Resolutions of William James's One-in-Many-Selves Paradox

University of Arkansas

Mark E. Sibicky

Marietta College

William James used a "stream" metaphor to conceptualize the one-in-many-selves paradox. In the ensuing 100 years, seven additional distinctive metaphors have been proposed to describe how the self can be a single entity and yet have different, even contradictory parts. This article presents these metaphors and analyzes the dimensions they highlight. The authors offer a metaphor of self as a galaxy of identities, roles, and schemata that addresses the one-in-many-selves paradox more directly.

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 4, 676-687 (1990)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167290164008


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