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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 6, 655-662 (1991)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167291176008

Impression Management Aspects of Self-Handicapping: Positive and Negative Effects

James Luginbuhl

North Carolina State University

Randall Palmer

North Carolina State University

Two experiments were conducted to explore observers' reactions to an individual who self-handicaps. Subjects viewed a videotape in which the target either self-handicapped (went to a movie instead of studying) or did not self-handicap. Subjects were also informed that the target did well, average, or poorly on a subsequent exam. Consistency of prior self-handicapping was manipulated in Experiment 1 but had no effect. Results showed that (a) an ordinary behavior seems quite capable of serving as a self-handicap and (b) self-handicapping reduced negative attributions to ability but led to more negative attributions about personal characteristics, thus having a mixed impact as an impression management strategy. In addition, it is suggested that an observer of a self-handicapping behavior need not be aware of a self-handicapping motivation but that the context must allow for the plausibility of such motivation.


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