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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Self-Protection and Self-Enhancement Biases in Estimates of Population Prevalence

Gina Agostinelli

University of New Mexico

Steven J. Sherman

Indiana Univesity

Clark C. Presson

Arizona State University

Laurie Chain

Arizona State University

Population prevalence estimates of others' successes and failures at a task were used to assess self-serving biases in response to one's own success and failure. The strength of self-protective motives in reaction to failure feedback and self-enhancing motives in reaction to success feedback was assessed. Large biases based on self-protection motives were observed, in that failure subjects made higher estimates of others' failure and lower estimates of others' success than no-feedback control subjects. Biases based on self-enhancement were observed only for non-depressed subjects. In addition, nondepressed failure subjects showed generalized effects of the self-protection motive, as they evidenced larger false consensus biases than control subjects for task-unrelated attributes and beliefs. Finally, all motivational effects were considerably stronger for nondepressed than for depressed subjects. Implications for processes underlying biases in population prevalence estimates are discussed.

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 5, 631-642 (1992)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167292185014
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