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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 3, 264-267 (1976)
DOI: 10.1177/014616727600200312
© 1976 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

American Graffiti: Effects of Authority and Reactance Arousal

James W. Pennebaker

The University of Texas at Austin

Deborah Yates Sanders

The University of Texas at Austin

High or low threats to subjects' freedom to write on toilet stall walls were attributed to either a high or low authority source. Graffiti written on the threatening placards were directly related to both authority and threat level. The results were inter preted as responses to reactance.arousal. Conceptual problems deal ing with authority are discussed.


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