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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 22, No. 9, 960-971 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167296229009
© 1996 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Effects of Stereotypicality and Perceived Group Variability on the Use of Attitudinal Information in Impression Formation

Bas Verplanken

University of Nijmegen verplanken{at}psych.kun.nl

Jolanda Jetten

University of Amsterdam

Ad van Knippenberg

University of Nijmegen

In line with Susan Fiske and Steven Neuberg's continuum model of impression formation, it was found that when a social category was perceived as homogeneous on a stereotypic trait, a target's behavioral discrepancy from that stereotype elicited attention to and elaboration of individuating information. Individuating information consisted of the target person's attitude toward a stereotype-unrelated issue. Perceived variability was manipulated. Impressions of the stimulus person were related to participants'own attitude toward the issue, suggesting a similarity attraction effect. In the atypical-behavior/low-variability condition, this relationship was mediated by attitude-related thoughts. This suggests a cognitive-response-mediated similarity-attraction effect leading to relatively individuated impressions. All results were consistent across two different stimulus groups that were associated with complementary stereotypes.


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