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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 23, No. 7, 684-692 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167297237002
© 1997 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

When Bad Things Happen to Good Feedback: Exacerbating the Need for Self-Justification with Self-Affirmations

Hart Blanton

University of Michigan, hblanton{at}umich.edu

Joel Cooper

Princeton University

Ian Slkurnik

Princeton University

Joshua Aronson

University of Texas, Austin

In numerous self-affirmation studies, Claude Steele and colleagues have demonstrated that self-affirmations reduce the need to justify dissonant behavior even when the affirmation is unrelated to the dissonance-evoking action. However, research has not sufficiently examined the impact of reaffirming self-aspects that are related to the dissonance. The authors argue that relevant affirmations of this sort can make salient the standards that are violated in the course of dissonant behavior; thereby increasing dissonance and the need for self justification. In a laboratory study using the induced-compliance paradigm, it was demonstrated that dissonance can be exacerbated by reaffirming standards that are violated in the course of the dissonant behavior.


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