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Combining Trait and Stereotype Expectancies in Person Memory

Memphis Diversity Institute

David A. Houston

The University of Memphis

Michael B. Lupfer

The University of Memphis

Person memory research has investigated the effects of trait and stereotype expectancies on the organization and retrieval of expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent behavioral information. We extend this work by investigating the combined effects of stereotype and trait expectancies. Participants were presented with either (a) a trait expectancy only, with no information about the target's ethnicity, or (b) an expectation that the target was African American as well as a trait expectancy. When no information was presented about the target's ethnicity, the standard advantage in recall for trait-incongruent behaviors was found. However, when information that the target was African American was added to trait information, this recall advantage for trait-incongruent behaviors was reduced for both European American and African American participants. These results are discussed in terms of the combination of trait and stereotype expectancies.

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