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Differential Use of Person Information in Decisions about Guilt Versus Innocence: The Role of Implicit Theories

New York University

Chi-Yue Chiu

University of Hong Kong, cychiu{at}hkusua.hku.hk

Ying-Yi Hong

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Carol S. Dweck

Columbia University, dweck{at}psych.columbia.edu

The authors hypothesize that different people would use information differently in their social decision making depending on their implicit theory about human character traits. Past research has shown that entity theorists (who believe traits are fixed entities) tend to make more rapid, global trait judgments and to accord traits greater weight in explaining behavior as compared to incremental theorists (who believe traits are more malleable qualities). This article examines how potentially trait-relevant information might influence the decision making (verdicts in a fictitious murder case) of entity versus incremental theorists. Results from three studies showed that such information (e.g., the defendant’s dress at the crime) had a marked effect on entity theorists’ verdicts but little effect on incremental theorists’ verdicts. In addition, entity theorists were more likely than incremental theorists to request additional character information. Implications for the role of implicit theories in social decision making are explored.

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