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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 1, 3-16 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167299025001001
© 1999 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Two Threats to the Common Good: Self-Interested Egoism and Empathy-Induced Altruism

C. Daniel Batson

Aaron Whiteside University of Kansas

Nadia Ahmad

Aaron Whiteside University of Kansas

Jodi Yin

Aaron Whiteside University of Kansas

Steven J. Bedell

Aaron Whiteside University of Kansas

Jennifer W. Johnson

Aaron Whiteside University of Kansas

Christie M. Templin

Aaron Whiteside University of Kansas

In each of two experiments, some participants chose between allocation of resources to the group as a whole or to themselves alone (egoism condition); some chose between allocation to a group or to a group member for whom they were induced to feel empathy (altruism condition); and some chose between allocation to a group or to a member for whom empathy was not induced (baseline condition). When the decision was private, allocation to the group was significantly—and similarly—lower in the egoism and altruism conditions compared to the baseline. When the decision was public, allocation to the group was significantly lower only in the altruism condition. These results indicated, first, that both egoism and altruism can be potent threats to the common good and, second, that anticipated social evaluation is a powerful inhibitor of the egoistic but not the altruistic threat.


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