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Self-Discrepancies and Affect: Incorporating the Role of Feared Selves

University of Miami, Ccarver{at}miami.edu

John W. Lawrence

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Michael F. Scheier

Carnegie Mellon University

The authors examined ought, ideal, and feared self-discrepancies as predictors of agitation- and dejection-related affects. Overall, discrepancy from feared selves predicted anxiety and guilt, preempting the role of discrepancies from ought selves; ideal and feared discrepancies both predicted depression. Further analyses revealed interactions between actual-ought and actual-feared discrepancies in predicting anxiety and guilt. Among participants who were relatively near their feared selves, discrepancies from ought selves were unrelated to these affects. In contrast, among those whose feared selves were more distant, ought discrepancies did predict agitation-related affect, consistent with self-discrepancy theory. Discussion centers on a view in which an avoidance motive (feared self) dominates anxiety and guilt if the feared element is nearby but in which an associated approach motive (ought self) dominates anxiety and guilt if the feared element is more remote.

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 7, 783-792 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167299025007002


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