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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 26, No. 2, 139-149 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167200264001

How Important is the Perception of Personal Control? Studies of Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients

Charles S. Carver

University of Miami, ccarver{at}miami.edu

Suzanne D. Harris

University of Miami

Jessica M. Lehman

University of Miami

Lynn A. Durel

University of Miami

Michael H. Antoni

University of Miami

Stacie M. Spencer

University of Pittsburgh

Christina Pozo-Kaderman

Mt. Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center

Two models of cognitive determinants of distress under adversity were tested in the experiences of two samples of newly treated breast cancer patients (ns = 144 and 202). One model emphasizes the role of perceptions of personal control in subjective well-being; the other model emphasizes expectancies of the occurrence of desired outcomes. In this research, the outcome addressed was remaining free of cancer in the future. In these two samples, beliefs about control over remaining free of cancer played no role in predicting distress, although expectancy of remaining cancer free did. Discussion focuses on conceptual boundaries on the concept of control, how difficult it is to assess control separately from expectancy regarding the desired outcome, and how conceptual clarity requires such a separation.


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