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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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The Effects of Perspective Taking on Motivations for Helping: Still No Evidence for Altruism

Jon K. Maner

Arizona State University, jon.maner{at}asu.edu

Carol L. Luce

Arizona State University

Steven L. Neuberg

Arizona State University

Robert B. Cialdini

Arizona State University

Stephanie Brown

University of Michigan

Brad J. Sagarin

Northern Illinois University

To investigate the existence of true altruism, the authors assessed the link between empathic concern and helping by (a) employing an experimental perspective-taking paradigm used previously to demonstrate empathy-associated helping and (b) assessing the empathy-helping relationship while controlling for a range of relevant, well-measured nonaltruistic motivations. Consistent with previous research, the authors found a significant zero-order relationship between helping and empathic concern, the purported motivator of true altruism. This empathy-helping relationship disappeared, however, when nonaltruistic motivators (oneness and negative affect) were taken into account: Only the nonaltruistic factors of oneness (merged identity with the victim) and negative affect mediated helping, whereas empathic concern did not. Evidence for true altruism remains elusive.

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 11, 1601-1610 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/014616702237586
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