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The Impact of Assimilation and Differentiation Needs on Perceived Group Importance and Judgments of Ingroup Size
Cynthia L. Pickett
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, cpickett{at}uiuc.edu
Michael D. Silver
Ohio State University
Marilynn B. Brewer
Ohio State University
At the heart of optimal distinctiveness theory is the idea that a group’s level of inclusiveness is a significant determinant of how well that group can meet members’ needs for assimilation and differentiation. In two studies, this principle was demonstrated by experimentally manipulating both needs and examining their effects on perceptions of ingroup size and on the perceived importance of ingroups that vary in level of inclusiveness. It was predicted that assimilation need would lead to a preference for inclusive ingroups and the tendency to overestimate ingroup size, whereas differentiation need would lead to a preference for exclusive ingroups and the tendency to underestimate ingroup size. Support for these predictions was found across both studies. The results support the hypothesis that the arousal of assimilation and differentiation needs interacts with ingroup inclusiveness to determine optimal social identities.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 4,
546-558 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167202287011
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