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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 7, 900-912 (2002)

When Prosperity Breeds Intergroup Hostility: The Effects of Relative Deprivation and Relative Gratification on Prejudice

Serge Guimond

Michaël Dambrun

Université Blaise Pascal

In previous theory and research dealing with relative deprivation(RD), the role of relative gratification (RG), the opposite ofRD, was relatively overlooked. Two experiments (N= 245) testedthe impact of both RD and RG on prejudice toward socially significantoutgroups. Experiment 1 manipulated temporal RDand RG by confronting participants to declining (RD) orimproving (RG) job opportunities and found no effect of RD onprejudice but reliable effects of RG. Experiment 2 manipulatedgroup RD and RG and found increased levels of generalizedprejudice in both conditions while participants in the group RGcondition showed, in addition, increased ingroup bias, greaterwillingness to support and act in favor of restrictive immigrationpolicies, and higher social dominance orientation than thecontrol group. These findings confirm the role of group RD andestablish RG as an equally important, if not more central, variablein the psychology of intergroup relations.

Key Words: relative deprivation • prejudice • relative gratification • economic improvement • social dominance


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