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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Predicting the Subjective Experience of Intrinsic Motivation: The Roles of Self-Determination, the Balance of Challenges and Skills, and Self-Realization Values

Alan S. Waterman

The College of New Jersey, water{at}tcnj.edu

Seth J. Schwartz

University of Miami School of Medicine

Edie Goldbacher

The College of New Jersey

Hope Green

The College of New Jersey

Christine Miller

The College of New Jersey

Susheel Philip

The College of New Jersey

A series of studies was conducted to investigate the contributions of self-determination, perceived competence, and self-realization values to the subjective experience of intrinsic motivation. Using varying sets of instructions in these studies, college undergraduates generated and subsequently evaluated panels of identity-related activities. Three measures of the subjective experience of intrinsic motivation were used as outcome variables: (a) interest, (b) flow experiences, and (c) feelings of personal expressive-ness. These subjective experience measures were strongly intercorrelated. Across studies, self-determination was found to be strongly associated with all of the subjective experience measures. In contrast, self-realization values made larger contributions to flow experiences and to personal expressiveness than to interest. Perceived competence, although significantly correlated with all subjective experience measures, played a considerably smaller role in the prediction of intrinsic motivation.

Key Words: intrinsic motivation • self-determination • competence • self-realization • interest • flow • apersonal expressiveness

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 11, 1447-1458 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167203256907
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