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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Optimism, Promotion Pride, and Prevention Pride as Predictors of Quality of Life

Heidi Grant

Columbia University, hgp1{at}nyu.edu

E. Tory Higgins

Columbia University

The relationship between optimism and two potential sources of optimistic beliefs—promotion pride (based on a history of success in promotion regulation) and prevention pride (based on a history of success in prevention regulation)—was explored. Optimism was more strongly related to promotion pride than prevention pride (controlling for neuroticism), consistent with past work showing that anticipating success increases eagerness motivation but decreases vigilance motivation. This suggests that the psychology of prevention regulators is not captured well by the existing literature on optimism. Although prevention pride does not predict self-reports of well-being, it does predict adaptive functioning independent of optimism, neuroticism, and promotion pride. Promotion pride uniquely predicted a sense of purpose in life or goal directedness. Both promotion and prevention pride predicted active coping. It is argued that promotion and prevention pride tell us something unique and important about the role of successful self-regulation in determining quality of life.

Key Words: optimism • regulatory focus • regulatory pride • neuroticism

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 12, 1521-1532 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167203256919
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