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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Actions, Intentions, and Self-Assessment: The Road to Self-Enhancement Is Paved with Good Intentions

Justin Kruger

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Thomas Gilovich

Cornell University

Actions and intentions do not always align. Individuals often have good intentions that they fail to fulfill. The studies presented here suggest that actors and observers differ in the weight they assign to intentions when deciding whether an individual possesses a desirable trait. Participants were more likely to give themselves credit for their intentions than they were to give others credit for theirs (Studies 1 and 2). This caused individuals to evaluate themselves more favorably than they evaluated others (Studies 3-5). Discussion focuses on the motivational and information-processing roots of this actor-observer difference in the weight assigned to intentions as well as the implications of this tendency for everyday judgment and decision making.

Key Words: intentions • self-enhancement • above-average effect • bias • actor-observer difference

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 3, 328-339 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167203259932
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