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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 6, 787-799 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167204264047

Jounal Article

Who Takes the most Revenge? Individual Differences in Negative Reciprocity Norm Endorsement

Robert Eisenberger

University of Delaware

Patrick Lynch

University of Delaware

Justin Aselage

University of Delaware

Stephanie Rohdieck

University of Delaware

The authors report that beliefs favoring the reciprocation of unfavorable treatment form a unitary factor that is distinct from beliefs favoring the reciprocation of favorable treatment. Individual differences in endorsement of this negative reciprocity norm were related to (a) beliefs that people are generally malevolent; (b) inclination toward anger in everyday life; (c) anger, disagreement, and ridicule directed toward a new acquaintance who treated participants unfavorably; and (d) reduced anxiety, positive emotional engagement, and encouragement of a new acquaintance who treated participants favorably. These findings suggest that individual differences in endorsement of the negative norm of reciprocity influence the extent of vengeance.

Key Words: revenge • vengeance • reciprocity • retribution • anger


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