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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Self-Awareness, Self-Evaluation, and Creativity

Paul J. Silvia

Ann G. Phillips

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

The present research examined when self-evaluation influences creativity. Based on objective self-awareness theory, the authors predicted that feeling able to improve would buffer against the detrimental effects of self-evaluation on creativity. Two experiments manipulated self-evaluation (varying self-awareness, Study 1; providing objective performance standards, Study 2) and perceived ability to improve potential failure on the creativity task. Self-evaluation reduced creativity (generating remote associates, finding unusual uses for a knife) in both experiments, but only when people did not expect to improve. When people felt able to improve, self-evaluation did not affect creativity. Connections between self-motives, creativity, and defensiveness are discussed.

Key Words: self-evaluation • creativity • self-awareness • expectancies • self-motives

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 8, 1009-1017 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167204264073
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