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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Context and Cognitions: Environmental Risk, Social Influence, and Adolescent Substance Use

Frederick X. Gibbons

Meg Gerrard

Linda S. Vande Lune

Iowa State University

Thomas Ashby Wills

Einstein College of Medicine

Gene Brody

University of Georgia

Rand D. Conger

University of California, Davis

This study examined the cognitions thought to mediate the impact of context on adolescent substance use and also the extent to which context moderates the relations between these cognitions and use. Risk cognitions and behaviors were assessed in a panel of 746 African American adolescents (M age 10.5 at Wave 1, 12.2 at Wave 2). Results indicated that adolescents living in high-risk neighborhoods were more inclined toward substance use and more likely to be using at Wave 2. These context effects were mediated by the adolescents’ risk cognitions: their risk images, willingness to use, and intentions to use. Also, context moderated the relation between willingness and use (the relation was stronger in high-risk neighborhoods) but it did not moderate the intentions to use relation.

Key Words: context • cognitions • adolescent substance use

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 8, 1048-1061 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167204264788
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