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The "Frozen in Time" Effect in Evaluations of the Dead

Scott T. Allison

University of Richmond

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that evaluations of the dead are more resistant to change than are evaluations of the living. In Experiment 1, perceivers formed an impression of a target person who performed either a moral or an immoral action and then either died or remained alive. Perceivers were later given new inconsistent information about the target's morality. The results revealed that perceivers’ original impressions of the target were significantly less likely to change in response to the inconsistent information when the target was believed to be dead than when she was believed to be alive. Experiment 2 replicated the effect in impressions of real-world targets. The implications of these findings for research on posthumous impression processes are discussed.

Key Words: terror management • social inference • death positivity bias • death extremitization bias • impression formation • evaluation bias

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 12, 1708-1717 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167205277806


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