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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Using Images to Increase Exercise Behavior: Prototypes Versus Possible Selves

Judith A. Ouellette

State University of New York College-Cortland, jao{at}cortland.edu

Robert Hessling

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Frederick X. Gibbons

Iowa State University

Monica Reis-Bergan

Iowa State University

Meg Gerrard

Iowa State University

This study investigated the impact of health-related prototypes and possible selves on exercise behavior. In addition, this study examined if these effects might be moderated by individual differences—specifically social comparison (SC) and consideration of future consequences (CFC). One hundred and fifty-two students participated in all three waves of the study—premanipulation, manipulation, and follow-up. As expected, results indicated that individuals who were high on SC and exposed to a prototype manipulation increased their exercise behavior at follow-up. Furthermore, individuals who were future-oriented and exposed to a possible selves manipulation increased their exercise behavior at follow-up. Overall, results revealed that health images have an important impact on health behavior. Implications for behavior change are discussed.

Key Words: prototypes • possible selves • social comparison • consideration of future consequences • exercise behavior

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 5, 610-620 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167204271589
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