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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Group Identification and Outgroup Attitudes in Four South African Ethnic Groups: A Multidimensional Approach

John Duckitt

University of Auckland, New Zealand, j.duckitt{at}auckland.ac.nz

Jane Callaghan

University College Northampton, United Kingdom

Claire Wagner

University of Pretoria, South Africa

Although Sumner’s ethnocentrism hypothesis, which expects stronger group identification to be associated with more negative outgroup attitudes, has been widely accepted, empirical findings have been inconsistent. This research investigates the relationship of four dimensions of ethnocultural group identification previously proposed by Phinney, that is, salience, evaluation, attachment, and involvement, with attitudes to ethnic outgroups in four South African ethnocultural groups (Africans, Afrikaans Whites, English Whites, Indians). The findings supported the factorial independence of the four identification dimensions and indicated that only one, ethnocultural evaluation (ingroup attitudes), was systematically related to outgroup attitudes, but the association could be positive, negative, or zero. Both functionalist and similarity-dissimilarity approaches to intergroup relations seemed to provide plausible explanations for the pattern of relationships obtained between ingroup and outgroup attitudes.

Key Words: ethnic identification • group identification • ethnocentrism • outgroup attitudes • intergroup attitudes

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 5, 633-646 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167204271576
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