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Uncertainty Reduction, Self-Enhancement, and Ingroup Identification

Scott A. Reid

University of California-Santa Barbara, scottreid{at}comm.ucsb.edu

Michael A. Hogg

University of Queensland, m.hogg{at}psy.uq.edu.au

Two experiments tested the prediction that uncertainty reduction and self-enhancement motivations have an interactive effect on ingroup identification. In Experiment 1 (N = 64), uncertainty and group status were manipulated, and the effect on ingroup identification was measured. As predicted, low-uncertainty participants identified more strongly with a high- than low-status group, whereas high-uncertainty participants showed no preference; and low-status group members identified more strongly under high than low uncertainty, whereas high-status group members showed no preference. Experiment 2 (N = 210) replicated Experiment 1, but with a third independent variable that manipulated how prototypical participants were of their group. As predicted, the effects obtained in Experiment 1 only emerged where participants were highly prototypical. Low prototypicality depressed identification with a low-status group under high uncertainty. The implications of these results for intergroup relations and the role of prototypicality in social identity processes are discussed.

Key Words: social identity • self-enhancement • uncertainty reduction • intergroup • motivation

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 6, 804-817 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167204271708
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