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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Appraisal Antecedents of Shame and Guilt: Support for a Theoretical Model

Jessica L. Tracy

University of British Columbia

Richard W. Robins

University of California, Davis

Four studies used experimental and correlational methods to test predictions about the antecedents of shame and guilt derived from an appraisal-based model of self-conscious emotions (Tracy & Robins, 2004). Results were consistent with the predicted relations between appraisals (i.e., causal attributions) and emotions. Specifically, (a) internal attributions were positively related to both shame and guilt; (b) the chronic tendency to make external attributions was positively related to the tendency to experience shame; and (c) internal, stable, uncontrollable attributions for failure were positively related to shame, whereas internal, unstable, controllable attributions for failure were positively related to guilt. Emotions and attributions were assessed using a variety of methods, so converging results across studies indicate the robustness of the findings and provide support for the theoretical model.

Key Words: guilt • shame • causal attribution • self-conscious emotion • appraisal

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 10, 1339-1351 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167206290212
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[Abstract] [PDF]