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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 6, 806-819 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167206286627
© 2006 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

What the Voice Reveals: Within- and Between-Category Stereotyping on the Basis of Voice

Sei Jin Ko

University of Groningen, the Netherlands and University of Colorado at Boulder, s.j.ko{at}ppsw.rug.nl

Charles M. Judd

University of Colorado at Boulder

Irene V. Blair

University of Colorado at Boulder

The authors report research that attempts to shift the traditional focus of visual cues to auditory cues as a basis for stereotyping. Moreover, their approach examines whether gender-signaling vocal cues lead not only to between-category but also to within-category gender stereotyping. Study 1 showed that both men and women vary within category in how feminine their voices sound and that perceptions of vocal femininity are highly consensual. Furthermore, the measured acoustic characteristics that differed between gender were also related to perceptions of within-gender femininity. Subsequent studies demonstrated that variability in vocal femininity affects gender stereotyping when the targets are all of the same gender (Study 2) and when the targets are of different genders (Study 3). In the latter case, evidence of both category-based and feature-based stereotyping was found. Mediation analyses showed that the relationship between acoustics and stereotyping was in part due to femininity.

Key Words: voice • vocal femininity • gender • stereotyping • acoustic characteristics


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