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This version was published on November 1, 2007
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 11, 1533-1546 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167207306282
© 2007 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

The Effect of Self-Affirmation in Nonthreatening Persuasion Domains: Timing Affects the Process

Pablo Briñol

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Richard E. Petty

The Ohio State University, petty.1{at}osu.edu

Ismael Gallardo

Universidad de Talca

Kenneth G. DeMarree

The Ohio State University

Most research on self-affirmation and persuasion has argued that self-affirmation buffers the self against the threat posed by a persuasive message; thus, it increases the likelihood that participants will respond to the message favorably. Little research, in contrast, has looked at the effects of self-affirmation on persuasive messages that are not threatening to the self. This research examines mechanisms that can operate under these conditions. Consistent with the idea that self-affirmation affects confidence, the article shows that self-affirmation can decrease information processing when induced prior to message reception (Experiment 1) and can increase the use of self-generated thoughts in response to a persuasive message when induced after message reception (Experiment 2). In addition, Experiment 3 manipulates the timing of self-affirmation to replicate both effects and Experiment 4 provides direct evidence for the impact of self-affirmation on confidence.

Key Words: self-affirmation • persuasion • attitude • attitude change • self-validation


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