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This version was published on May 1, 2007
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 5, 677-690 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167206298567
© 2007 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Interfering With Inferential, But Not Associative, Processes Underlying Spontaneous Trait Inference

Matthew T. Crawford

University of Bristol, M.Crawford{at}bristol.ac.uk

John J. Skowronski

Northern Illinois University, jskowron{at}niu.edu

Chris Stiff

University of Bristol

Cory R. Scherer

Northern Illinois University

Three studies explore mental processes underlying spontaneous trait inferences about self-informants and the spontaneous trait transference characterizing third-party informants. Process differences are suggested in that instructions prompting a nontrait inference (truth or lie?) reduce self-informant trait-savings effects and lower self-informant trait judgments. For third-party informants, such instructions have no effect on these outcome variables. Results of a third study are inconsistent with cognitive load as an explanation for these effects. Taken together, these results indicate that inferences, and not merely associations, spontaneously form when processing information about self-informants. The results also show that the inferences and judgments that occur in spontaneous trait transference are not caused by the misidentification of third-party informants as self-informants.

Key Words: impression formation • spontaneous trait inferences • associative processes • traits • social judgments


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