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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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What's this?

Mediation of the Negative Effect of Red on Intellectual Performance

Markus A. Maier

University of Munich, maier{at}edupsy.uni-muenchen.de

Andrew J. Elliot

University of Rochester, andye{at}psych.rochester.edu

Stephanie Lichtenfeld

University of Munich

This research examines the hypothesis that an attentional process grounded in avoidance motivation—local relative to global processing—mediates the negative effect of red on intellectual performance. This hypothesis was tested in a series of experiments using two approaches to documenting mediation. Experiment 1 established that the perception of red undermines IQ test performance. Experiments 2a and 2b documented mediation via the experimental causal chain approach, and Experiment 3 documented mediation via the measurement of mediation approach. This represents the first demonstration of a mediational process in the domain of color psychology. A call is made to broaden priming research to include color stimuli.

Key Words: red • avoidance • focus of attention • performance • mediation

This version was published on November 1, 2008

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 11, 1530-1540 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167208323104
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Home page
 Pers Soc Psychol BullHome page
A. J. Elliot, M. A. Maier, M. J. Binser, R. Friedman, and R. Pekrun
The Effect of Red on Avoidance Behavior in Achievement Contexts
Pers Soc Psychol Bull, March 1, 2009; 35(3): 365 - 375.
[Abstract] [PDF]