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This version was published on June 1, 2008
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 6, 819-832 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167208315555
© 2008 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

On Positive Psychological Outcomes: What Helps Groups With a History of Conflict to Forgive and Reconcile With Each Other?

Masi Noor

Canterbury Christ Church University, masi.noor{at}canterbury.ac.uk

Rupert Brown

University of Sussex

Roberto Gonzalez

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Jorge Manzi

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Christopher Alan Lewis

University of Ulster at Magee College

Three studies examined the roles of traditional and novel social psychological variables involved in intergroup forgiveness. Study 1 (N = 480) revealed that among the pro-Pinochet and the anti-Pinochet groups in Chile, forgiveness was predicted by ingroup identity (negatively), common ingroup identity (positively), empathy and trust (positively), and competitive victimhood (the subjective sense of having suffered more than the outgroup, negatively). Political ideology (Right vs. Left) moderated the relationship between empathy and forgiveness, trust and forgiveness, and between the latter and competitive victimhood. Study 2 (N = 309), set in the Northern Irish conflict between Protestants and Catholics, provided a replication and extension of Study 1. Finally, Study 3 (N = 155/108) examined the longitudinal relationship between forgiveness and reconciliation in Northern Ireland, revealing that forgiveness predicted reconciliation intentions. The reverse direction of this relationship was also marginally significant. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.

Key Words: intergroup forgiveness • reconciliation • competitive victimhood • identity • emotions


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