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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Self-Criticism, Dependency, and Stress Reactivity: An Experience Sampling Approach to Testing Blatt and Zuroff’s (1992) Theory of Personality Predispositions to Depression in High-Risk Youth

Philippe Adams

McGill University, philippe@ego. psych.mcgill.ca

John R. Z. Abela

McGill University

Randy Auerbach

McGill University

Steven Skitch

McGill University

S. J. Blatt and D. C. Zuroff’s 1992 theory of personality predispositions to depression posits that individuals who possess high levels of self-criticism and/or dependency are vulnerable to developing depression following negative events. The current study used experience sampling methodology to test this theory in a sample of 49 children ages 7 to 14. Children completed measures of dependency, self-criticism, and depressive symptoms. Subsequently, children were given a handheld computer that signaled them to complete measures of depressive symptoms and negative events at randomly selected times over 2 months. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that higher levels of both self-criticism and dependency were associated with greater elevations in depressive symptoms following negative events. Furthermore, each personality predisposition remained a significant predictor of such elevations after controlling for the interaction between the other personality predisposition and negative events. The results suggest that dependency and self-criticism represent distinct vulnerability factors to depression in youth.

Key Words: self-criticism • dependency • stress reactivity • depression • high-risk youth

This version was published on November 1, 2009

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 11, 1440-1451 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167209343811
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