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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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On the Meaning and Measure of Narcissism

Ryan P. Brown

The University of Oklahoma, rpbrown{at}ou.edu

Karolyn Budzek

The University of Oklahoma

Michael Tamborski

The University of Oklahoma

For three decades, social-personality research on overt narcissism has relied almost exclusively on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). However, the NPI suffers from a host of psychometric and validity concerns that make composite NPI scores (summed across its subscales) difficult to interpret. The present studies propose that narcissistic characteristics tend to fall under two general clusters: grandiosity and entitlement. The studies show that measures of grandiosity and entitlement interact to predict scores on the NPI, controlling for gender, self-esteem, and basic personality (Study 1), but also that grandiosity and entitlement function independently with respect to mental health (Study 2) and ethical misconduct (Study 3). Together, these results challenge the view of overt narcissism as a unidimensional construct and underscore the importance of distinguishing between grandiose and entitled aspects of the narcissistic self-concept.

Key Words: narcissism • grandiosity • entitlement • mental health • misconduct

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 7, 951-964 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167209335461
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