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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 1, 79-83 (1981)
DOI: 10.1177/014616728171012
© 1981 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

When Trying to Win

Competition and Intrinsic Motivation

Edward L. Deci

University of Rochester

Gregory Betley

University of Rochester

James Kahle

University of Rochester

Linda Abrams

University of Rochester

Joseph Porac

University of Rochester

Males and females solved interesting puzzles in the presence of a same-sex confederate who posed as a second subject doing the same activity. Half the subjects were instructed to compete against each other (i.e., to try to solve the puzzles faster than the other person) while half were simply instructed to work as quickly as they could so as to finish in the allotted time. The results showed a significant main effect in which competition decreased intrinsic motivation. 7his was particularly true for females.


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