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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 2,
224-231 (1981)
DOI: 10.1177/014616728172007
© 1981 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.
Ringelmann Revisited
Alternative Explanations for the Social Loafing Effect
Norbert L. Kerr
Michigan State University
Steven E. Bruun
University of California, San Diego
Recent work suggests that group members' motivation for certain types of tasks declines as group size increases. Two experiments examined alternative explanations for this effect. The results of the first study disconfirmed the "me first" explanation, which holds that the effect occurs only when an individual performs in several different size groups. The second experiment supported the "hide-in—the crowd"explanation, which holds that member anonymity increases with group size for the tasks which have yielded the effect.
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