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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 1, 74-80 (1982)
DOI: 10.1177/014616728281012
© 1982 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Sex Differences in Self-Confidence

The Effects of Task Completion and of Comparison to Competent Others

Ellen Lenney

University of Maine at Orono

Joel Gold

University of Maine at Orono

Previous investigators have suggested that situation variables play little role in moderating sex differences in self-confidence. The validity of this suggestion is assessed in an experiment testing the effects of social comparison and task completion upon sex differences. Either before or after taking a test, undergraduates estimated their own scores (noncomparative self-evaluation) and/or compared their scores to that of a competent peer group (comparative self-evaluation). As predicted, task completion affected subjects' noncomparative more than their comparative self-evaluations. Further, social comparison affected women more adversely than men, indicating that this situation variable does moderate sex differences: First, the sex difference in comparative self-evaluation was greater than that in noncomparative self-evaluation. Also, women's actual performances were lower than men's only when comparative self-evaluations preceded the test.


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[Abstract]