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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Relations Between Implicit and Explicit Measures of Attitudes and Measures of Behavior: Evidence of Moderation by Individual Difference Variables

Mark T. Conner

University of Leeds, m.t.conner{at}leeds.ac.uk

Marco Perugini

University of Essex

Rick O'Gorman

University of Kent

Karen Ayres

University of Leeds

Andrew Prestwich

University of Leeds

The moderating role of individual difference variables (Self-Reported Habit Index [SRHI], Need for Cognition [NFC]) on relationships between implicit (Implicit Association Test [IAT], Extrinsic Affective Simon Test [EAST]) or explicit measures of attitude and behavior is assessed in two studies. A dissociation pattern is found on self-report diary measures of behavior. In Study 1, the EAST—behavior relationship is moderated by SRHI; explicit measures of the attitude—behavior relationship are moderated by NFC. In Study 2, the IAT—behavior relationship is moderated by SRHI; explicit measures of the attitude—behavior relationship are moderated by NFC. Higher levels of SRHI and NFC are associated with stronger relationships between the implicit or explicit measures of attitude and the measure of behavior. In Study 2, the SRHI x IAT interaction is replicated for an objective behavior measure. Implications for understanding the relationship between implicit and explicit measures of attitudes and measures of behavior are discussed.

Key Words: implicit measures • attitude • behavior • moderators • predictive validity

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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 12, 1727-1740 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167207309194
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This Article
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