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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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"I'm not gay. . . . I'm a real man!": Heterosexual Men's Gender Self-Esteem and Sexual Prejudice

Juan Manuel Falomir-Pichastor

University of Geneva, Juan.Falomir{at}unige.ch

Gabriel Mugny

University of Geneva

Five studies examined the hypothesis that heterosexual men, but not heterosexual women, endorse negative attitudes toward homosexuality (i.e., sexual prejudice) in order to maintain a positive gender-related identity that is unambiguously different from a homosexual identity. Studies 1 and 2 showed that men's (but not women's) gender self-esteem (but not personal self-esteem) was positively related to sexual prejudice: The more positive heterosexual men's gender self-esteem, the more negative their attitude toward homosexuality. Studies 3 and 4 showed that this link appears specifically among men motivated to maintain psychological distance from gay men. Study 5 experimentally manipulated the perceived biological differences between homosexual and heterosexual men. The previously observed link between men's gender self-esteem and sexual prejudice appeared in the control and no-differences conditions but disappeared in the differences condition. These findings are discussed in terms of men's attitudes as a defensive function against threat to masculinity.

Key Words: gender self-esteem • intergroup attitudes • sex differences • sexual prejudice • intergroup differentiation • identity threat • biological differences

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 9, 1233-1243 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0146167209338072
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